Uncanny Valley from whatis.com
The uncanny
valley is a common unsettling feeling people experience when androids (humanoid robots) and audio/visual
simulations closely resemble humans in many respects but are not quite
convincingly realistic.
The phenomenon
is a consideration in a number of areas of design including robotics, video
game art, training simulators and 3-D animation. Depending on the intent, a
designer may want to avoid the uncanny valley or exploit it to elicit a
particular response.
The uncanny
valley is named for the way the viewer's level of comfort drops as a simulation
approaches, but does not reach, verisimilitude. Simulations lacking
aspects that significantly approach reality don't tend to elicit the
response. On the other hand, simulations that simulate reality to a
degree that satisfies the viewer don't bring about the effect
either. Near-realism and mixes of realism and surrealism most often cause
the eerie sensation. The effect is intensified if the simulation is moving.
The feelings
diagrammed in the uncanny valley can reach extreme levels like revulsion,
exceeding those experienced when viewing a corpse. The uncanny valley is
experienced at different levels by different individuals, mostly depending on
the familiarity of the subject materials. Designers can
bridge the valley with changes like the addition of cartoon-like or
"cuter" features.
The uncanny
valley phenomenon is usually spoken of in reference to human simulations but
also can be brought about by Photoshopped images, dolls, teddy bears
and subjects of plastic surgery. The uncanny valley can also be created by
discrepancies in voice, movement or appearance.
Masahiro Mori,
at that time a robotics professor, wrote about the effect in a 1970 essay, Bukimi
no Tani, which translates roughly as valley of eeriness. At that
time, humanoid robots had yet to be developed. Mori was intrigued by the uneasy
feeling that wax figures had always evoked in him. The English term uncanny
valley was first mentioned in a 1978 book by Jasia Reichardt called
"Robots: Fact, Fiction, and Prediction."
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