Sunday, September 16, 2018

Top 20 Figures of Speech - Tabula Rosa Systems



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Top 20 Figures of Speech

From thoughtco.com
Updated May 02, 2017
A figure of speech is a rhetorical device that achieves a special effect by using words in distinctive ways. Though there are hundreds of figures of speech, here we'll focus on just 20 of the most common figures.
You will probably remember many of these terms from your English classes. Figurative language is often associated with literature—and with poetry in particular. But the fact is, whether we're conscious of it or not, we use figures of speech every day in our own writing and conversations.
Top Figures of Speech
For example, common expressions such as "falling in love," "racking our brains," "hitting a sales target," and "climbing the ladder of success" are all metaphors—the most pervasive figure of all. Likewise, we rely on similes when making explicit comparisons ("light as a feather") and hyperbole to emphasize a point ("I'm starving!").
Using original figures of speech in our writing is a way to convey meanings in fresh, unexpected ways. Figures can help our readers understand and stay interested in what we have to say. For advice on creating figures of speech, see Using Similes and Metaphors to Enrich Our Writing.
The Top 20 Figures of Speech
 
  1. Alliteration
    The repetition of an initial consonant sound.
     
  2. Anaphora
    The repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or verses. (Contrast with epiphora and epistrophe.)
     
  3. Antithesis
    The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases.
     
  1. Apostrophe
    Breaking off discourse to address some absent person or thing, some abstract quality, an inanimate object, or a nonexistent character.
     
  2. Assonance
    Identity or similarity in sound between internal vowels in neighboring words.
     
  3. Chiasmus
    A verbal pattern in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first but with the parts reversed.
     
  1. Euphemism
    The substitution of an inoffensive term for one considered offensively explicit.
     
  2. Hyperbole
    An extravagant statement; the use of exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or heightened effect.
     
  3. Irony
    The use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. Also, a statement or situation where the meaning is contradicted by the appearance or presentation of the idea.
     
  4. Litotes
    A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite.
     
  5. Metaphor
    An implied comparison between two unlike things that actually have something important in common.
     
  6. Metonymy
    A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it's closely associated; also, the rhetorical strategy of describing something indirectly by referring to things around it.
     
  7. Onomatopoeia
    The use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to.
     
  8. Oxymoron
    A figure of speech in which incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by side.
     
  9. Paradox
    A statement that appears to contradict itself.
     
  10. Personification
    A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities.
  1. Pun
    A play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of different words.
     
  2. Simile
    A stated comparison (usually formed with "like" or "as") between two fundamentally dissimilar things that have certain qualities in common.
     
  3. Synecdoche
    A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole (for example, ABCs for alphabet) or the whole for a part ("England won the World Cup in 1966").
     
Understatement
A figure of speech in which a writer or speaker deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is.
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In addition to this blog, Netiquette IQ has a website with great assets which are being added to on a regular basis. I have authored the premiere book on Netiquette, “Netiquette IQ - A Comprehensive Guide to Improve, Enhance and Add Power to Your Email". My new book, “You’re Hired! Super Charge Your Email Skills in 60 Minutes. . . And Get That Job!” has just been published and will be followed by a trilogy of books on Netiquette for young people. You can view my profile, reviews of the book and content excerpts at:

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Anyone who would like to review the book and have it posted on my blog or website, please contact me paul@netiquetteiq.com.

In addition to this blog, I maintain a radio show on BlogtalkRadio  and an online newsletter via paper.li.I have established Netiquette discussion groups with Linkedin and  Yahoo I am also a member of the International Business Etiquette and Protocol Group and Minding Manners among others. I regularly consult for the Gerson Lehrman Group, a worldwide network of subject matter experts and I have been contributing to the blogs Everything Email and emailmonday . My work has appeared in numerous publications and I have presented to groups such as The Breakfast Club of NJ and  PSG of Mercer County, NJ.


Additionally, I am the president of Tabula Rosa Systems, a “best of breed” reseller of products for communications, email, network management software, security products and professional services.  Also, I am the president of Netiquette IQ. We are currently developing an email IQ rating system, Netiquette IQ, which promotes the fundamentals outlined in my book.

Over the past twenty-five years, I have enjoyed a dynamic and successful career and have attained an extensive background in IT and electronic communications by selling and marketing within the information technology market.

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